Cyberpunk is a science-fiction sub-genre dealing with the integration of society and technology in dystopian settings. Often referred to as “low-life and high tech,” Cyberpunk stories deal with outsiders (punks) who fight against the oppressors in society (usually mega corporations that control everything) via technological means (cyber). If the punks aren’t actively fighting against a megacorp, they’re still dealing with living in a world completely dependent on high technology.
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Darksynth is a sub-genre of Synthwave. And within darksynth, there's a sub-sub-genre for cyberpunk synth music. So if synth music feels cyberpunk to you, these recommendations are a good starting point.
Here's a higher-res version of the image (also here). This guide was created by khroshan over on reddit, I just wanted to share it.
I mean, they're all just terms you use to label music to help people find more music they like (e.g. on streaming services.)
Historically, "cyberpunk" as a term emerged in the late 80s/ early 90s to refer to a variety of electronic music (source).
And "synthwave" as a term emerged after the 2000s, initially to describe electronic music inspired by 80s soundtracks (source) and "darksynth" was a development of this.
So yeah, the way this graphic classifies the music is a little odd, but in terms of laying out music to recommend, it does a good job.