Vietnam under Chinese rule or Bắc thuộc (北屬, lit. "belonging to the north") (111 BC–939, 1407–1428) refers to four historical periods when several portions of modern-day Northern Vietnam was under the rule of various Chinese dynasties. Bắc thuộc in Vietnamese historiography is traditionally considered to have started in 111 BC, when the Han dynasty conquered Nanyue (Vietnamese "Nam Việt") and lasted until 939, when the Ngô dynasty was founded. A fourth, relatively brief, 20-year rule by the Ming dynasty during the 15th century is usually excluded by historians in their discussion of the main, almost continuous, period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD.
The four periods of Chinese rule did not correspond to the modern borders of Vietnam, but were mainly limited to the area around the Red River Delta and adjacent areas. During the first three periods of Chinese rule, the pre-Sinitic indigenous culture was centered in the northern part of modern Vietnam, in the alluvial deltas of the Hong, Cả and Mã Rivers.
Elements of Chinese culture such as language, religion, art, and way of life constituted an important component of traditional Vietnamese culture until modernity.
Periods of Chinese rule
First Era of Northern Domination: 111 BC–AD 40
The first period of Bắc thuộc is traditionally considered to have started following the Western Han's victory in the Han–Nanyue War. It ended with the brief revolt of the Trưng sisters.
Second Era of Northern Domination: AD 43–544
Chinese rule was restored after the Trung sisters' rebellion. The second period of Chinese rule was ended by the revolt of Lý Bôn, who took advantage of the internal disorder of the waning Liang dynasty. Lý Bôn subsequently founded the Early Lý dynasty, with the official dynastic name "Vạn Xuân" (萬春).
Third Era of Northern Domination: AD 602–905
The Sui dynasty reincorporated Vietnam into China following the Sui–Early Lý War. This period saw the entrenchment of mandarin administration in Vietnam. The third period of Chinese rule concluded following the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the subsequent defeat of the Southern Han armada by Ngô Quyền at the Battle of Bạch Đằng. Ngô Quyền later proclaimed the Ngô dynasty.
Fourth Era of Northern Domination: AD 1407–1428
Vietnam was brought under the control of China following the Ming dynasty's defeat of the short-lived Hồ dynasty. The fourth period of Chinese rule ended when the Lam Sơn uprising led by Lê Lợi emerged successful. Lê Lợi then reestablished the Đại Việt kingdom (大越) under the new Lê dynasty.
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my bathroom ceiling situation is worsening i did research and its looking like deep water damage
cant bring it up with landlord because there is none (long story short is i more or less inherited an apartment when an elderly family member passed where i pay the maintenance, i realize this set up is insanely lucky overall and im in a pretty privileged spot). must figure out a gameplan, i have no idea how one fixes this kind of thing. based on some circumstantial shit my current guess is its from a leak above me, at least that means its not my fault.
If it's a leak above you praise jeebus because I'm pretty sure that means it's insurance's problem and not yours
My horrific mold problem is because i take incredibly long wasteful hot showers and my bathroom isn't meant to be a sauna
see i thought it was this and am kinda grateful that it probably isn't, though i won't know til the super comes and tests for a leak in the ceiling above. but yeah the worst of it is localized above my toilet which is far from the shower and closest to the window so leak seems most likely.
when I had water damage I first removed all mold and cleaned the damaged spots. Then I let everything dry for a few days (works best with some heat) and then I painted it over.
First thing obviously is finding out where the leak is and to stop it by contacting your upstairs neighbours. You could also contact your hoa for advice.