philosophy

Agreed, I mostly commented this because I see these models as fully compatible with reality. Sorry I don't have more to contribute. I don't think you're being reductive, but I do feel that modeling freedom of will by repeatedly experimentally observing an actor in a fixed context and condition and summarizing the distribution of their choices doesn't capture some ideas I intuitively associate with the notion of free will (assuming it is not entirely an illusion, though there are results in neuroscience that show that in certain cases, people only become aware of a stimulus after their motor cortex has commanded their muscles to respond to it, so in some cases, free will is either illusory or absent):

-an individual in the experiment may be exercising significant mental effort to prevent an autonomic or habitual response to a repeated stimulus, and if they succeed every time, their sequence of decisions is constant, but it is also constant if they fail every time

can't measure or observe something

maybe we're talking about different things, but here's where I'm coming from: modern experimental neuroscience has developed and continues to churn out new ways of probing self-organizing patterns in neural activity that have meaning encoded in them

I'm thinking of the ghost as neural signals themselves and not their representations in a brain, where I'm modeling a conscious being as the pairing of the representations of said patterns and the feedback loops that perpetuate them, which is physical in the sense that it's implemented in a physical machine, but is non-physical in the same way that these words have meaning in your mind: they're signals.

sorry if I'm being ambiguous/imprecise