Cover author: Michał Kałużny http://astrofotografia.pl/
The Euclid telescope, just launched today, will be able to observe galaxies out to 10 billion light-years. Here's the largest map I could find (1 billion light years) that includes the Milky Way, Laniakea, the Shapley supercluster, the Perseus–Pisces supercluster, and the South Pole Wall.
https://irfu.cea.fr/Projets/COAST/southpolewall-graphics.html
Oof, I have bad, or maybe good, news for you: this isn't the universe. This is just the local structure of galactic superclusters to us. Just a knot on one of the myriad galactic filaments. 1 Gly out of a 30 Tly (edit: that's not right, closer to 100 GLy) and growing known universe. It's real big, don't get me wrong, but compared to the whole kit and kaboodle it's a rounding error.
SEA has a great video on The Great Attractor (and our local supercluster complex) that I recommend.
For a bigger view, check out https://mapoftheuniverse.net/ , although necessarily this isn't presented geometrically the way the one you linked is.
The Wikipedia list of largest observed structures in the universe is also wild.
Wow I've never seen a map of the universe. Amazing. Is this the known/observed universe, or does it include parts that have only been theorized to exist?
Going through the list of largest structures on Wikipedia trying t o piece it together into anything the mind can grasp at once is difficult. Especially when one has one map image, and another has its own, and how they fit together is confusing. What's really frightening to me are the voids. I mean space itself is pretty immense, and just tackling the empty distances between our solar system's planets is hard, but there are places that are devoid of anything for giga-parsecs. Like, completely nothingness.
Just reading this has my fear of the incomprehensible unknown tingling.
Deep Space is neat, but the thing that really gives me a fun sense of philosophical vertigo is Deep Time. My favourite exploration of that is the video Timelapse of the Future, which shows time passing at a rate that doubles every five seconds (ie, time is passing at a rate of one year per second for five seconds, then two years per second for the next five, then four years per second, etc.)
The last stars in the universe go dark at around the 5-minute mark. The video as a whole is about 30 minutes long.
If you want a more uplifting view of that future, Isaac Arthur's Civilizations at the End of Time playlist goes into great detail about how intelligent life can persist throughout that entire duration and still have a good time.
Wow I just so happened to jump back on here and check out the Timelapse video right as my THC tablet kicked in. 10/10 highly recommend the experience, no pun intended.
And of course, there's the famous Isaac Asimov short story about this, "The Last Question".
I admittedly have not read a lot of Asimov but The Last Question is one of the few stories I've read in full (it helps that it's a short story) and I absolutely loved it!