The process itself is known as semantic change, or semantic drift - you have a bunch of meanings that are associated with a morpheme, word or expression, and they changed over time. You can read further about it here.
In special, your examples seem to be, for me:
- ⟨disk⟩ - semantic widening from "storage device with a specific shape" to "any storage device regardless of shape"
- ⟨film⟩ - metonymy from "pellicle used to store visual data" to the visual data itself
- ⟨file⟩ and ⟨folder⟩ - metaphor, from physical paper sheets and the containers used to organise them to chunks of data and the virtual containers where it is organised.
- ⟨desktop⟩ - that was a big chain of semantic changes. From "place over the desk" to "object placed over the desk" (i.e. desktop computer) to "a feature of the software commonly used in those objects".
I'm really unsure on ⟨rice⟩.