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The expansion is based on internationally established definitions of the continental shelf, and comes from research and surveys conducted by various groups going back to 2003, confirming where the continental shelf actually is.

Interestingly, this doesn't include the water column above this territory, so it doesn't mean control of fishing or shipping lanes. Only seabed/underground mineral/drilling/pipelines control. Depending on policy and which political party is in control at the time, this could mean preventing others from drilling these areas, or (more likely?) making a profit off allowing drilling here.

Most of the addition is in the Arctic, but includes territory around the whole country.

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Excerpt:

”In a historic move, the United States has officially expanded its geographical territory by one million square kilometers — an area nearly 60 percent the size of Alaska. The catalyst for this territory expansion lies in the redefinition of the U.S. continental shelf boundaries.

By invoking international law, the State Department has outlined new areas under the sea where the continental shelf, a seabed area surrounding large landmasses with relatively shallow waters, extends further than previously recognized.

This monumental addition is spread across seven distinct ocean regions, with over half of the new territory located in the Arctic.”

.........

1,000,000 square kilometers! I know, nobody knows how much area that is, what even is a kilometer? But it's an important area of the world, gives us a legit claim to keep Russia out of the area, and takes ownership of tons of natural resources.

The Arctic may be the cradle of the future of humanity, as the rest of the planet becomes to warm to inhabit.

Further reading: America's Arctic strategy: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/nat_arctic_strategy.pdf

"We seek an Arctic region that is stable and free of conflict, where nations act responsibly in a spirit of trust and cooperation, and where economic and energy resources are developed in a sustainable manner that also respects the fragile environment and the interests and cultures of indigenous peoples."

Of course if the Republicans win again the strategy just reverts to "drill baby drill" and Trump will probably sign Alaska over to Russia as a gift.

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