this post was submitted on 07 Nov 2024
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Cyberpunk
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What is Cyberpunk?
Cyberpunk is a science-fiction sub-genre dealing with the integration of society and technology in dystopian settings. Often referred to as “low-life and high tech,” Cyberpunk stories deal with outsiders (punks) who fight against the oppressors in society (usually mega corporations that control everything) via technological means (cyber). If the punks aren’t actively fighting against a megacorp, they’re still dealing with living in a world completely dependent on high technology.
Cyberpunk characteristics include:
- Dystopian city setting where mega-corporations rule
- Full integration of technology into society, featuring cybernetic implants
- Outsider protagonists (punks) who often are very familiar with the technology around them
- Hard boiled detective and film noir vibes and influence
- Themes dabbling in trans-humanism, existentialism, and what it means to be human.
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I will watch every movie in this thread. Election promise.
(I feel like there's a conversation waiting to happen about what really counts as cyberpunk. Codifying genres is hard, robocop never walks around the internet, blade runner has space travel, is space truckers cyberpunk? I think there does have to be a sort of 80s lo fi vibe of some sort, unless it's a serious modernisation like Black Mirror.
I feel like you could talk about speculative near future technology being used to critique modern society, but theres also something to be said for trench coats and two pistols. Hypothetically Equilibrium would fill both even though its not particularly cyber. Underworld also checks some of these boxes, despite not being cyberpunk to most people, probably because it pulled a lot of visual style from The Matrix, which is a very trad cyberpunk that transcended (as it were) the genre watching audience.
Is Demolition Man cyberpunk? It has spec tech with both low and high society, but very little walking around the internet and the tech only marginally interacts with the story except as a device to get a 1993 cop into the grim dark future of 2032. It's not very goth either)
I've heard someone describe it a long time ago as "high tech, low life", where technology has permeated society to the point where even poor people have access to it, but at the same time most people do not live a good life and the tech is not helping. I haven't been able to think of something that fits that description and doesn't feel cyberpunk to me.
So, this definition encompasses a lot of sci-fi, I think. For instance, the triviality of tech in Star Wars and the low life is definitely present, but it would be a struggle to vibe Star Wars with cyberpunk. You can make an argument that the stories in Star Wars is not about the tech, but as you do that you have away from the original definition.
I think this applies with a lot of "sci-fantasy" settings. Basic workers in 40k can acquire (or involuntarily be gifted) cybernetic implants and this does not change their social position. 40k is not cyberpunk. The stories largely do not focus on a critique of society through the expression of tech that would solve our particular problems. 40k mostly focuses on what would be cool for sword guy to do, and is largely viewed through the auspices of the top of society (players and great heroes).
An experience of a different setting that is definitely cyberpunk despite also being "sci-fantasy" is Shadowrun. People run around hacking mega-corporations computers by fighting their cyber-dragon firewall. But that also doesn't fit with my above experimental positions of cyberpunk, its much more an aesthetic choice for a heist game. Nothing wrong with that, but I think it hints towards cyberpunk being at least partly an aesthetic definition of cyberpunk.
That's not the say the thought is without merit. The focus of cyberpunk could be reflected in our own experience of, say, "having a device in our pocket that can trivially access all of human knowledge but I cannot use this to change my position in society". This is heavily reflected in Black Mirror. The plot that our protagonists have what would be a life changing device if you were the only one to have it, but are just coasting by (if that) is very cyberpunk and very Black Mirror.
I think one could play around with this concept quite a lot with TV shows, which tend to have a wider variety of focus, vibe, etc with the same initial concept. One could imagine a Doctor Who episode that fills a number of cyberpunk definitions, but Doctor Who does not vibe with cyberpunk generally.
What about Andor? Star Wars, while aesthetically grimy, is certainly not usually cyberpunk. Andor pushes "high tech, low life", and has an anti-hero and other morally grey characters fighting a totalitarian government. So now that I think about it it does feel a bit cyberpunk, but I'd say it isn't because ultimately its problems and solutions are too far divorced from those of our world.
But that is what I think is most important about cyberpunk, that it extrapolates the problems and struggles of our current world. The tech themes and 80s aesthetics are just incidental. Which has me asking "Is 1984 (proto) cyberpunk?" 🤔