Jacobo Árbenz, born on this day in 1913, was a Guatemalan President who earned the ire of the United Fruit Company, the largest private landowner in the country, by instituting widespread land reforms. He was ousted in a U.S-backed coup in 1954.
Árbenz served as the Minister of National Defense from 1944 to 1951 and the second democratically elected President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954. He was a major figure in the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution, which represented some of the few years of representative democracy in Guatemalan history.
Árbenz instituted many popular reforms, including an expanded right to vote, the right of workers to organize, legitimizing political parties, and allowing public debate.
The centerpiece of Árbenz' policy was an agrarian reform law, under which uncultivated portions of large land-holdings were expropriated in return for compensation and redistributed to poverty-stricken agricultural laborers. Approximately 500,000 people benefited from the decree, the majority of them indigenous people whose forebears had been dispossessed after the Spanish invasion.
Opposition to these policies led the United Fruit Company to lobby the U.S. government to have him overthrown. The U.S. was also concerned by the presence of communists in the Guatemalan government, and Árbenz was ousted in a coup d'état engineered by the U.S. government on June 27th, 1954.
"Our only crime consisted of decreeing our own laws and applying them to all without exception. Our crime is having enacted an agrarian reform which effected the interests of the United Fruit Company. Our crime is wanting to have our own route to the Atlantic, our own electric power and our own docks and ports. Our crime is our patriotic wish to advance, to progress, to win economic independence to match our political independence. We are condemned because we have given our peasant population land and rights."
- Jacobo Árbenz
Jacobo Árbenz, “Árbenz’s Resignation Speech” (1954)
Bitter Fruit: The Story of the American Coup in Guatemala by Stephen Kinzer
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where's the line between cis guy who is apathetic-to-resentful of masc gender norms and masc leaning agender? asking for a friend...
I think you cracked the code lol
Your friend should probably define their gender as being The line.
Note: this stuff isn't a science, but this is my response to your question as a masc agender person myself.
It's the difference in your gender presentation and your gender identity. Do you feel like a man, or just want to dress/act masculine but don't identify with any gender, or do you both identify as a man and dress masculine?
I'm agender but look masculine. It's moreso that I like looking good in a masculine manner rather than preferring the masculinity in and of itself.
So yeah I think my phrasing was a bit wrong re: the term "masc." I actually recently started dressing a bit more androgynous - most of what I like is well within the range of male business casual, but I like little touches like jewelry and nail polish that push it a little. I also realize that certain types of expression that I like are kinda foreclosed for men - expressions of affection, sadness, or even enthusiasm that are taboo-lite but which feel true to who I am.
I guess I'm trying to figure out if it feels most comfortable to ID as "just" an androgynous man (which is cool and good btw), mostly a man but a little nonbinary, or as agender but mostly male presenting. I don't really think where I fall changes that much about who I am though weirdly? It's almost more like, what label signals myself to others most accurately.