this post was submitted on 16 Jan 2024
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Go further East and things change considerably.
A good case study is Thailand. They managed to avoid being outright colonized, and their approach to gender is so far ahead of their SEA neighbours (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines) where historically they were very similar.
I think it's due to some kind of buddhist philosophy. India was and is pretty backwards
It's not exclusively from Buddhism. Buddhism wasn't prevalent in the Philippines, but the indigenous animist religions had gods and legends that Western culture would call trans. The spiritual leaders, the babaylans, were exclusively women and the few men that felt a calling to that role switched gender expressions.