Vietnam under Chinese rule or Bắc thuộc (北屬, lit. "belonging to the north") (111 BC–939, 1407–1428) refers to four historical periods when several portions of modern-day Northern Vietnam was under the rule of various Chinese dynasties. Bắc thuộc in Vietnamese historiography is traditionally considered to have started in 111 BC, when the Han dynasty conquered Nanyue (Vietnamese "Nam Việt") and lasted until 939, when the Ngô dynasty was founded. A fourth, relatively brief, 20-year rule by the Ming dynasty during the 15th century is usually excluded by historians in their discussion of the main, almost continuous, period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD.
The four periods of Chinese rule did not correspond to the modern borders of Vietnam, but were mainly limited to the area around the Red River Delta and adjacent areas. During the first three periods of Chinese rule, the pre-Sinitic indigenous culture was centered in the northern part of modern Vietnam, in the alluvial deltas of the Hong, Cả and Mã Rivers.
Elements of Chinese culture such as language, religion, art, and way of life constituted an important component of traditional Vietnamese culture until modernity.
Periods of Chinese rule
First Era of Northern Domination: 111 BC–AD 40
The first period of Bắc thuộc is traditionally considered to have started following the Western Han's victory in the Han–Nanyue War. It ended with the brief revolt of the Trưng sisters.
Second Era of Northern Domination: AD 43–544
Chinese rule was restored after the Trung sisters' rebellion. The second period of Chinese rule was ended by the revolt of Lý Bôn, who took advantage of the internal disorder of the waning Liang dynasty. Lý Bôn subsequently founded the Early Lý dynasty, with the official dynastic name "Vạn Xuân" (萬春).
Third Era of Northern Domination: AD 602–905
The Sui dynasty reincorporated Vietnam into China following the Sui–Early Lý War. This period saw the entrenchment of mandarin administration in Vietnam. The third period of Chinese rule concluded following the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the subsequent defeat of the Southern Han armada by Ngô Quyền at the Battle of Bạch Đằng. Ngô Quyền later proclaimed the Ngô dynasty.
Fourth Era of Northern Domination: AD 1407–1428
Vietnam was brought under the control of China following the Ming dynasty's defeat of the short-lived Hồ dynasty. The fourth period of Chinese rule ended when the Lam Sơn uprising led by Lê Lợi emerged successful. Lê Lợi then reestablished the Đại Việt kingdom (大越) under the new Lê dynasty.
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I've just about finished my third year of college and I don't feel that great about it. Feel like I really didn't achieve or grow much this semester. I've been packing my stuff and I barely own anything except clothes. All I did today was get high on my own at home. I don't have many friends, there's people I see once a week to play dnd but we don't see each other outside of that. My housemates were really good friends but two of them have had a falling out, I don't understand why, and now the vibes in the house have been really weird for the past few months. One of them isn't moving back in with us last year because of this and I don't know how to feel. Now I'm just on my bed, alone because my other housemates have gone out for a meal with their friends. I don't even know if I'll get to see them before I leave.
I don't really get excited to learn stuff or go to college anymore. In first and second year I felt pretty fresh and I was having fun, this year it's just felt like a slog. At this point I'm gonna keep going just because I'm three years in, and my parents have already paid so much money to throw it all away. I was really stressed over academics this semester, to the point of multiple mental breakdowns. I don't want to learn what my course is anymore. I wish I'd done some kind of art or taken an apprenticeship or just worked in a kitchen. I don't feel fulfilled at all. I also basically completely dropped out of my org, because I felt such impostor syndrome. I always felt like the least qualified, least educated, least useful person there.
Idk. It just feels bad. I feel very disappointed with myself in this past year. I wanted to be more active and social, and care a bit more about my academic performance and I just didn't. The biggest thing I've managed to accomplish is developing a weed addiction.