Cura lets you set the infill layer height to a multiple of the normal layer height https://support.ultimaker.com/s/article/1667411002588

Kinda sounds like combine infill layers in prusa/super slicer, that setting will have it do the perimeters as per normal but do infil at 1/2/3 etc layers, so 0.2 layers would get infill every 0.4 at 2, so it'll print the perimeters and anything that can't be merged, go to the next layer and do the perimeters and chunky infill, I use it to save time and I haven't noticed much difference in functionality.

Not natively no. What you’re looking for is this

Achieve true 3D printing with non planar slicing Note: Check the update below

Conical Slicing: A different angle of 3D printing

Not something easily done with slicers and there are hacks to do things like this but nothing that works out of the box and it’s a tough challenge with various nozzles, toolheads, material shrink properties

Edit: More recent update that could be of interest

Non-planar 3D printing in a modern slicer thanks to the community

So you want to print the bulk of the print normal but exterior perimiters only in a lower layer height? I don't think any slicers do that but I don't see any reason why it wouldn't work and potentially give a higher resolution exterior finish in less time than just lowering the layer height for the whole print.

edit: just saw that someone already pointed out that cura does essentially this but the infill being the focus, and that you already saw it.

I don't know any slicers that do it exactly as you described. I know that in OrcaSlicer you can print perimeters at set layer height, but infill only everey Xth layer.