Preparing for an ADHD assessment is a big task. Here's some things that I'd recommend sorting out to get the best outcomes:

• Complete ADHD screening test(s), make special note of things that you struggle with or that you have strategies to compensate for. This one is a fine place to start with screening tests, scroll down to get to the questionnaire itself.

• Any prior diagnoses, even ones that have been later ruled out and provisional diagnoses.

• A general history of the psychiatric medications that you have taken and how you have responded to each.

• School reports or a summary of how you performed in school, especially if it comes from family members - general trends, key themes that appeared repeatedly especially regarding "needs to apply themselves more", "is often distracted/distracts others", "is held back by being disorganised", "performs well in class but rarely completes homework", "struggles with time-management", "always leaves things to the last minute", "engages well when interested in the topic but refuses to engage with anything they find boring or tedious", along with anything to do with behavioural and emotional problems.

• Any learning difficulties or developmental delays, any unusual childhood assessments that you underwent even if you don't know what it was measuring or the outcome of it, being put in any remedial classes or alternative education streams.

• Informal statements or reports from the people close to you - friends, partners, family, even managers if you're on good terms with them. Make special note of if certain people have been nagging you about the possibility of being ADHD or a diagnosed ADHDer basically outright telling you "Bro, you got the ADHD - you realise this don't you?". Doesn't need to be a written letter of introduction, but just a collection of impressions from the people around you based on what they have observed. You might consider polling them and asking if they think you might have ADHD and relaying their responses to the doctor.

• Anything that therapists have remarked upon to you that is contributing evidence for possible ADHD.

• (Optional, depends on your relationship with the doctor in question) Your experience with consuming street drugs that are stimulants. This includes MDMA. If possible, pay particular attention to your ability to focus, your level of motivation, and your internal experience of being distracted etc. This can be a little bit dicey because you don't want to come off as drug-seeking but if you have an open-minded doctor or one that knows you well then you're probably alright to level with them about this.

• Similar caveat to the above, make note of any difficulties with addiction or impulse control (binge eating, problematic impulse shopping, gambling, gaming, alcohol and other drugs etc.) even if it's sub-clinical, so for example you might not be a diagnosable sex addict but you know that you compulsively seek sexual gratification in a way that interferes with your relationships or your employment and in a way that is notably outside of what is typical for others.

• How you function without caffeine.

• Your coping strategies, such has having a bag you always carry with you which contains everything you could possibly need - food, an umbrella, spare medication, etc. because otherwise you will be unprepared and you'll forget everything. Or it might be having strategic caches of meds at your parents' house, your partner's house, your work desk etc. because you always forget to take your meds and to bring them with you. Or it might be a complete dependence upon an electronic calendar and alarms to tell you what you're supposed to be doing and when but without this your life would immediately collapse. That sort of thing.

• Spending time thinking about what you were like as a child, especially compared to your peers. This works best if you can talk it through with someone who knew you as a child such as a close school friend or especially a caregiver. Try to piece together if there were any things that you particularly struggled with or where you were behind compared to your peers.

• Developing a holistic understanding of the particular symptoms that make you suspect ADHD and how they present. If you have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, for example, it can resemble ADHD in a lot of ways but if you can clearly remember struggling with focus and motivation as a persistent theme in your life prior to being depressed, this is crucial info. Or if you struggle with anxiety, do you find that even at home when you are calm and settled that your ability to focus or remember where you put things is still impaired, indicating that your ability to focus cannot be attributed exclusively to the anxiety?

• Write everything down, collate hard copy evidence if you can (an ADHD screening test, medical reports, school reports etc.), and make sure that you take all of this info, including personal experiences and anecdotes, that you've brought together to the doctor so that you don't miss anything. If possible, make something like a bullet point list with prompts for all the critical bits of information you want to present to the doctor so you don't overlook anything and to help keep you on track.

Some words of advice:

• You don't need to get all of this together in order to be prepared for an ADHD assessment. Don't feel like you have to achieve every one of these things above, this is just the example of what someone would have prepared in a perfect world situation. Do your best, don't let the list become a barrier to seeking a diagnosis because it's really just advice and guidelines. Seek support from someone close to you to help you with this if it feels a bit overwhelming.

• Tell your doctor that you asked a peer worker who is diagnosed with ADHD for their advice on how to prepare for an ADHD diagnosis, which is why you are so organised.

• Give the doctor your honest assessment of how difficult it was to get this together and what your experience would be if you didn't have this structure and advice while pursuing an ADHD diagnosis.

• Be prepared for them to want to eliminate other potential causes of ADHD-like symptoms, especially depression and anxiety and bipolar, before they are willing to progress to considering ADHD.

• Know that there are non-stimulant meds that can treat ADHD symptoms so if you come away from your appointment disappointed that instead of an ADHD diagnosis you have a prescription for some antidepressant like venlafaxine or bupropion, keep in mind that your doctor might be using this as a diagnostic probe to get a clearer picture of your symptoms and how you respond to meds. It's best to play ball, unless the doctor really shows a complete lack of interest in even considering ADHD, because they might be approaching an ADHD diagnosis with due caution and skepticism.

• ADHD suffers from a lack of understanding, even amongst psychiatrists, especially in adults with late-diagnosis and if you're AFAB or a person of colour then your experience of ADHD is much more likely to fall outside the stereotyped understanding of ADHD, so you may find yourself pushing shit uphill. That's just how it is and it sucks but be prepared to seek a second opinion or to ask for a referral to specialist doctors or clinics for a more comprehensive ADHD assessment by people who know what they're dealing with when it comes to ADHD.

Posting it here especially for the heat-sensitive comrades.

The video goes into a great amount of detail so I'm not going to add much myself. There are applications for making a cooling blanket/pad and cooling vest, which would make hot weather much more tolerable.

I know I spend a lot of time talking about autism and ADHD in this comm so I wanted to make an effort to spread the focus a little and talk about how PTSD and ADHD can feel very similar and where symptoms can overlap, with a focus on PTSD and the internal experience of it. In talking about PTSD there's necessarily going to be a big

[CW: Discussions of trauma and abuse, mostly from an abstract perspective or an internal experience]

I'm going to rely a lot on this fight/flight/freeze/flag/faint curve. This isn't perfect and it's not definitive but it'll do:

It's worth noting that this is the typical curve but you may not find that you progress linearly through the spectrum, you may cycle very quickly through the first stages or you might just instantly switch to one of the latter phases. This is not uncommon at all.

So with PTSD it's really common to experience hypervigilance. This is when you are in a state where your mind goes into threat-detection mode and you become extremely attuned to your environment, often to the expense of other considerations including things like your biological needs. Hypervigilance is closely associated with the fright part of that curve diagram but it also happens in the freeze, fight and flight parts too.

This experience of hypervigilance might be for 10 minutes, it might be for days. Hypervigilance associated with PTSD grips you like a vice. For me it feels like my sense of time recedes as I become so acutely aware of every little sound, every little change in my environment that nothing else even registers as a concern. Hypervigilance is usually triggered by external environment - a door slamming, a car backfiring, a person yelling or screaming. But it can also be triggered by internal experiences emotional states or thought patterns or recalling memories, especially in cases of CPTSD. Hypervigilance can look a lot like ADHD inattentiveness because your ability to regulate and direct your attention is overridden by a survival and self protection instinct. You might be in the middle of a conversation and notice a person out of the corner of your eye who resembles an abuser and suddenly it feels like you've zoned out completely. Or maybe it sounds like someone is walking up behind you and your brain immediately devotes all of its attention away from what someone is saying to you and towards detecting and responding to this potential threat that is approaching.

Dissociation is another common experience of PTSD. This is associated with the far end of the spectrum, from flag to faint (imo there needs to be a fawn between those two points but I'll try to elaborate on this later in the post).

Dissociation feels very checked out and disconnected from anything. For me it feels like my head is under water - things still register but everything feels very muted and distant. I stop feeling things in my body. I often need to have prompts or stimuli multiple times before it registers in my brain that I need to respond. This might be the classic, almost-ADHD situation where a person needs to click in front of your eyes and say "Hey... Hey! Are you even listening??" or it might be a timer or an alarm going off for a solid 60 seconds before that sound connects to the I'm supposed to respond to this stimulus with an action thought process.

Both hypervigilance and dissociation can bring with it the impression that you have a sensory sensitivity that can resemble ADHD or autistic traits. You may find yourself in an extremely uncomfortable situation physically but this doesn't really register in your awareness until it manages to burst through the hypervigilance or dissociation where you suddenly feel the overwhelming need to address this situation. The same thing happens with other biological needs besides the sensory, such as hunger and tiredness. With PTSD you may not register your tiredness or hunger (or the need to pee or feeling uncomfortably cold or any other biological need for that matter) until it is bordering on an emergency.

This can feel like poor interoception or like sensory sensitivity. The difference between autistic or ADHD traits and PTSD symptoms here is that a person will only experience these things some of the time, during periods of abnormal psychological states; I'm autistic - I always hate the feeling of velvet and velour, and I always have. When I'm struggling with my own PTSD symptoms and I'm hypervigilant or dissociated, I can lose connection with my physical experience and I can fail to notice my physical discomfort until it starts becoming excruciating, at which point I respond. But this is not my baseline experience. I have always hated rough wool and been unusually sensitive to it, throughout my entire life, because I'm autistic. I sometimes don't register that my skin is itchy due to hayfever until it feels like my skin is on fire because PTSD symptoms make me check out from my internal experience. (Hopefully that helps make a clear distinction between the two experiences where they appear to overlap.)

With PTSD, after the peak comes the inevitable crash. For example, if you're hypervigilant or in a state of flight for a long period then a crash is inevitable as your brain and body cannot sustain this heightened state permanently.

The hangover from these PTSD symptoms feels very similar to executive dysfunction. Maybe you were hypervigilant and barely slept a wink last night, you were too anxious to eat much, and now your brain is fried from the psychological state alone without even mentioning the impact of your blood sugar being a disaster and the impacts of insomnia on yourself. Or maybe your day has been one triggering event after another and you've been putting a huge amount of effort into keeping it together and you're just mentally drained from the constant strain. This is by all measure the exact same as executive dysfunction and it would be borderline impossible to tell the difference between typical ADHD executive dysfunction and a PTSD hangover (not a legitimate term btw, just one that makes sense to me and which doesn't feel inherently pathologising). The difference is in what caused this experience - with ADHD or autism, it's the consequence from trying to focus, dealing with sensory overload, masking and stuff like that. With PTSD there should be a very clear triggering event and a heightened psychological state that directly preceded your brain turning to mush temporarily as you recover.

The last big thing that comes to mind is that it's common for people who experience PTSD to go into fawn mode. This is particularly common in CPTSD and afab peeps.

Fawn roughly comes between flag and faint on that curve above. The fawn response feels very similar to masking, to the point where there's a discussion to be had about whether autistic people pleasing/fawning is itself a direct response to social rejection and trauma due to socialising, but that's something for a different post.

The fawn response is where you become extremely compliant, where you lack appropriate boundaries and the ability to maintain them, where you engage in people-pleasing behaviours, and where you attempt to appease others especially where they feel like a threat (this doesn't mean they are towering over you and making threats against you, it may be a particular type of person who fits closely to an abuser's characteristics, it may be an authority figure, it may be difficult to identify what about someone tells your brain "This person is a threat!!"). Conflict avoidance and codependency are super common in the fawn response, and out of the spectrum above I'd argue that the fawn response is probably one that is much more difficult to identify since it can feel very similar in the level of arousal as what is more or less typical and since it is the most sustainable over a long period of time, at least in my experience.

The fawn response, to me, is one where I find myself entirely focused on the emotional state of others without any connection to my own emotional state or beliefs (think principles, morals, ethical positions etc.) A person in a fawn response state might find themselves laughing at a racist joke, agreeing with a reprehensible opinion, or a violation of their bodily autonomy, in contradiction to their own values, because they are instinctively trying to avoid coming into conflict with another person by being assertive and maintaining boundaries, although this is just an example of the many ways it can manifest. How do you tell the difference between PTSD fawning and autistic or ADHD masking? That is a complicated question and it's very tricky.

As a general rule, a person who experiences PTSD will only experience this state intermittently and often as a response to identifiable threats but, because of the ability to sustain a fawn response and because it's kinda pernicious rather than being extremely obvious like the other states, this is only a rough guide and it may take a lot of work to figure out when you're experiencing the fawn response and how to identify the signs of it.

To conclude the main part of this post, those with PTSD you should find over time that the symptoms generally become diminished (with a strong caveat that sometimes processing trauma can make other stuff bubble up to the surface, making it feel like you're doing worse or going backwards, and sometimes you can bring about a sort of healing crisis as you bring old traumatic experiences to a head). With ADHD or autism, often the more you process things the more you become aware of your inherent traits like executive dysfunction, masking, people pleasing and so on. But they tend to be much more stable and persistent across (mostly) your lifespan whereas PTSD has a clear demarcation before and after the traumatic event(s), although of course CPTSD is the confounding factor due to the fact that it in particular is associated with early and developmental trauma so it's not always possible to remember back to a time where there was a "before", and for many survivors of child abuse there actually isn't even a "before" (with some pretty clear evidence that traumatic experiences in utero can produce PTSD symptoms in children after being born).

So hopefully this helps to clarify things for you if you're trying to understand what you're experiencing or the ways that PTSD and ADHD (and in some respects autism) can seem to overlap. I know I haven't paid any attention to when they co-occur and this is because it's an extremely complex matter and it would take an entire post in itself to cover this (although I'm not sure if I'd be able to do that subject justice tbh).

Just as a final passing thought, I think that a key strength of the neurodivergence umbrella is that for example, due to the significant overlap in experience of these different conditions, PTSD survivors may find a lot to be gained by borrowing from insights into sensory modulation and dealing with poor interoception coming out of the autistic part of neurodivergence (research, theory, and self-advocacy) and autistic people might likewise find there's a lot to be learned from managing people-pleasing and the fawn response from PTSD survivors. Of course there's a lot more that we can learn from one another too but that's the most obvious examples that spring to mind.

(Turns out that I ended up talking about autism more than I anticipated. Oh well.)

This might be old news but it's kinda wild to me.

You might remember Doug Lain from being the publishing manager when Zero Books rose to prominence, back when Capitalist Realism by Mark Fisher made a big splash way back when. He moved on to Sublation Media and seems to be doing roughly the same schtick after Zero got taken over by a different parent publisher. (History seems to rhyme for Doug, getting put into his position at Zero Books with the ouster of the old crew when John Hunt took over only for Watkins Media to take over John Hunt, ingloriously booting Lain out in the process.)

Doug has always been a part of the sorta eclectic post-New Left cultural critique, in that milquetoast style of BreadTube broad left "YouTube Killed The TV Star: Adorno, Benjamin, and the desolate media landscape of late capitalism" or "One-Dimensional Marvel: Marcuse and the MCU" style of slop. Y'know, the stuff where it's super pretentious and yet deeply tailist of pop culture trends with a smattering of a couple of the quotes from the key text referenced in the title, the same one that every textbook and every first-year student quotes, in order to give the impression that it's super serious marxist critique when it's actually just 20-60 minutes of anti-capitalist bellyaching combined with the latest fad.

Yeah, that sort of stuff. He's good buddies with Ben Burgis who is a hack that has been trying to position himself as the patron philosopher-saint of the progressive-to-socialish left for years now, to little avail.

Welp, turns out that Doug had Peter Coffin on for an interview a month ago here, where he's uncritically buying into the whole "woke ideology" narrative and all buddy-buddy with Coffin, who is Caleb Maupin's #1 fan (turns out that Peter Coffin isn't handling the divorce well). And apparently Doug has been doing some livestreams on Midwestern Marx and MAGA communism (I thought they abandoned that name, but Doug doesn't really have his finger on the pulse tbh) and he has an upcoming stream on Maupin and Coffin. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to stomach multiple hours of livestreams from Doug Lain about PatSocs and Midwestern Marx to get a read on what his position is.

In one respect this development is totally on-brand for Lain, to be chasing whatever audience and principles be damned (the Angela Nagle bullshit didn't faze him - doesn't matter; sold copies, he was quite comfortable hanging out with the stupidpol crowd on Reddit too) but in another respect, his frequent collaborator Ben Burgis has always played at sheepdog to the left by policing the limits to radical left discourse and positioning himself as anti-authoritarian and buying into that anti-communist paradigm so it's kind of a weird pivot.

I think Peter Coffin's angle is pretty apparent - he's just courting a legitimate publisher so that a ghostwriter can do some turd-polishing for whatever he manages to draft, sparing him the indignities of having to self-publish next time around.

But it's still weird to me. Maybe they're proving horseshoe theory true and making a connection between the libertarian faux left of people like Lance from The Serfs, Beau of The Fifth Column, and Ben Burgis with the authoritarian faux left like MWM, Maupin, and Coffin where Doug Lain is the connecting point between those two trends. I guess if they're all on different grifts, and they are, then this would explain how it all fits together neatly.

But on the other hand idk. It feels like the online discourse on the left is reaching a weird inflection point. You have Gabriel Rockhill and his Critical Theory Workshop, Rockhill being closely associated with PSL and someone who should know better, courting the MWM audience. Then you have Doug Lain, who should also know better although I'm not surprised if he doesn't give a damn, doing a similar thing and he's broadening out to openly PatSoc audience and not just confining himself to the crypto-PatSoc MWM audience. It's giving Strasserist vibes tbh.

Luckily it's online and not the real world, I guess?

It's gonna be a really awkward moment when Hinkle, Haz, Maupin, Coffin, and MWM drop the pretense and finally jump the shark to become openly fascist, perhaps taking some of these courtiers with them. Imagine having the tankies screaming for years on end about these clowns being fascist in all but name and orbiting Larouchite cutouts with nobody listening because "tankie redfash", only for this position to be vindicated eventually. Though if history is any guide, those SocDems are gonna find themselves chanting PatSoc slogans side-by-side with the likes of Hinkle, Haz, Eddie and Peter to own the tankies:

We live in interesting times.

[An address by Monsignor Ivan Illich to the Conference on InterAmerican Student Projects (CIASP) in Cuernavaca, Mexico, on April 20, 1968.

In his usual biting and sometimes sarcastic style, Illich goes to the heart of the deep dangers of paternalism inherent in any voluntary service activity, but especially in any international service "mission." Parts of the speech are outdated and must be viewed in the historical context of 1968 when it was delivered, but the entire speech is retained for the full impact of his point and at Ivan Illich's request.]

In the conversations which I have had today, I was impressed by two things, and I want to state them before I launch into my prepared talk.

I was impressed by your insight that the motivation of U.S. volunteers overseas springs mostly from very alienated feelings and concepts. I was equally impressed, by what I interpret as a step forward among would-be volunteers like you: openness to the idea that the only thing you can legitimately volunteer for in Latin America might be voluntary powerlessness, voluntary presence as receivers, as such, as hopefully beloved or adopted ones without any way of returning the gift.

I was equally impressed by the hypocrisy of most of you: by the hypocrisy of the atmosphere prevailing here. I say this as a brother speaking to brothers and sisters. I say it against many resistances within me; but it must be said. Your very insight, your very openness to evaluations of past programs make you hypocrites because you - or at least most of you - have decided to spend this next summer in Mexico, and therefore, you are unwilling to go far enough in your reappraisal of your program. You close your eyes because you want to go ahead and could not do so if you looked at some facts.

It is quite possible that this hypocrisy is unconscious in most of you. Intellectually, you are ready to see that the motivations which could legitimate volunteer action overseas in 1963 cannot be invoked for the same action in 1968. "Mission-vacations" among poor Mexicans were "the thing" to do for well-off U.S. students earlier in this decade: sentimental concern for newly-discovered. poverty south of the border combined with total blindness to much worse poverty at home justified such benevolent excursions. Intellectual insight into the difficulties of fruitful volunteer action had not sobered the spirit of Peace Corps Papal-and-Self-Styled Volunteers.

Today, the existence of organizations like yours is offensive to Mexico. I wanted to make this statement in order to explain why I feel sick about it all and in order to make you aware that good intentions have not much to do with what we are discussing here. To hell with good intentions. This is a theological statement. You will not help anybody by your good intentions. There is an Irish saying that the road to hell is paved with good intentions; this sums up the same theological insight.

The very frustration which participation in CIASP programs might mean for you, could lead you to new awareness: the awareness that even North Americans can receive the gift of hospitality without the slightest ability to pay for it; the awareness that for some gifts one cannot even say "thank you."

Now to my prepared statement.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

For the past six years I have become known for my increasing opposition to the presence of any and all North American "dogooders" in Latin America. I am sure you know of my present efforts to obtain the voluntary withdrawal of all North American volunteer armies from Latin America - missionaries, Peace Corps members and groups like yours, a "division" organized for the benevolent invasion of Mexico. You were aware of these things when you invited me - of all people - to be the main speaker at your annual convention. This is amazing! I can only conclude that your invitation means one of at least three things:

Some among you might have reached the conclusion that CIASP should either dissolve altogether, or take the promotion of voluntary aid to the Mexican poor out of its institutional purpose. Therefore you might have invited me here to help others reach this same decision.

You might also have invited me because you want to learn how to deal with people who think the way I do - how to dispute them successfully. It has now become quite common to invite Black Power spokesmen to address Lions Clubs. A "dove" must always be included in a public dispute organized to increase U.S. belligerence.

And finally, you might have invited me here hoping that you would be able to agree with most of what I say, and then go ahead in good faith and work this summer in Mexican villages. This last possibility is only open to those who do not listen, or who cannot understand me.

I did not come here to argue. I am here to tell you, if possible to convince you, and hopefully, to stop you, from pretentiously imposing yourselves on Mexicans.

I do have deep faith in the enormous good will of the U.S. volunteer. However, his good faith can usually be explained only by an abysmal lack of intuitive delicacy. By definition, you cannot help being ultimately vacationing salesmen for the middle-class "American Way of Life," since that is really the only life you know. A group like this could not have developed unless a mood in the United States had supported it - the belief that any true American must share God's blessings with his poorer fellow men. The idea that every American has something to give, and at all times may, can and should give it, explains why it occurred to students that they could help Mexican peasants "develop" by spending a few months in their villages.

Of course, this surprising conviction was supported by members of a missionary order, who would have no reason to exist unless they had the same conviction - except a much stronger one. It is now high time to cure yourselves of this. You, like the values you carry, are the products of an American society of achievers and consumers, with its two-party system, its universal schooling, and its family-car affluence. You are ultimately-consciously or unconsciously - "salesmen" for a delusive ballet in the ideas of democracy, equal opportunity and free enterprise among people who haven't the possibility of profiting from these.

Next to money and guns, the third largest North American export is the U.S. idealist, who turns up in every theater of the world: the teacher, the volunteer, the missionary, the community organizer, the economic developer, and the vacationing do-gooders. Ideally, these people define their role as service. Actually, they frequently wind up alleviating the damage done by money and weapons, or "seducing" the "underdeveloped" to the benefits of the world of affluence and achievement. Perhaps this is the moment to instead bring home to the people of the U.S. the knowledge that the way of life they have chosen simply is not alive enough to be shared.

By now it should be evident to all America that the U.S. is engaged in a tremendous struggle to survive. The U.S. cannot survive if the rest of the world is not convinced that here we have Heaven-on-Earth. The survival of the U.S. depends on the acceptance by all so-called "free" men that the U.S. middle class has "made it." The U.S. way of life has become a religion which must be accepted by all those who do not want to die by the sword - or napalm. All over the globe the U.S. is fighting to protect and develop at least a minority who consume what the U.S. majority can afford. Such is the purpose of the Alliance for Progress of the middle-classes which the U.S. signed with Latin America some years ago. But increasingly this commercial alliance must be protected by weapons which allow the minority who can "make it" to protect their acquisitions and achievements.

But weapons are not enough to permit minority rule. The marginal masses become rambunctious unless they are given a "Creed," or belief which explains the status quo. This task is given to the U.S. volunteer - whether he be a member of CLASP or a worker in the so-called "Pacification Programs" in Viet Nam.

The United States is currently engaged in a three-front struggle to affirm its ideals of acquisitive and achievement-oriented "Democracy." I say "three" fronts, because three great areas of the world are challenging the validity of a political and social system which makes the rich ever richer, and the poor increasingly marginal to that system.

In Asia, the U.S. is threatened by an established power -China. The U.S. opposes China with three weapons: the tiny Asian elites who could not have it any better than in an alliance with the United States; a huge war machine to stop the Chinese from "taking over" as it is usually put in this country, and; forcible re-education of the so-called "Pacified" peoples. All three of these efforts seem to be failing.

In Chicago, poverty funds, the police force and preachers seem to be no more successful in their efforts to check the unwillingness of the black community to wait for graceful integration into the system.

And finally, in Latin America the Alliance for Progress has been quite successful in increasing the number of people who could not be better off - meaning the tiny, middle-class elites - and has created ideal conditions for military dictatorships. The dictators were formerly at the service of the plantation owners, but now they protect the new industrial complexes. And finally, you come to help the underdog accept his destiny within this process!

All you will do in a Mexican village is create disorder. At best, you can try to convince Mexican girls that they should marry a young man who is self-made, rich, a consumer, and as disrespectful of tradition as one of you. At worst, in your "community development" spirit you might create just enough problems to get someone shot after your vacation ends_ and you rush back to your middleclass neighborhoods where your friends make jokes about "spits" and "w*tbacks."

You start on your task without any training. Even the Peace Corps spends around $10,000 on each corps member to help him adapt to his new environment and to guard him against culture shock. How odd that nobody ever thought about spending money to educate poor Mexicans in order to prevent them from the culture shock of meeting you?

In fact, you cannot even meet the majority which you pretend to serve in Latin America - even if you could speak their language, which most of you cannot. You can only dialogue with those like you - Latin American imitations of the North American middle class. There is no way for you to really meet with the underprivileged, since there is no common ground whatsoever for you to meet on.

Let me explain this statement, and also let me explain why most Latin Americans with whom you might be able to communicate would disagree with me.

Suppose you went to a U.S. ghetto this summer and tried to help the poor there "help themselves." Very soon you would be either spit upon or laughed at. People offended by your pretentiousness would hit or spit. People who understand that your own bad consciences push you to this gesture would laugh condescendingly. Soon you would be made aware of your irrelevance among the poor, of your status as middle-class college students on a summer assignment. You would be roundly rejected, no matter if your skin is white-as most of your faces here are-or brown or black, as a few exceptions who got in here somehow.

Your reports about your work in Mexico, which you so kindly sent me, exude self-complacency. Your reports on past summers prove that you are not even capable of understanding that your dogooding in a Mexican village is even less relevant than it would be in a U.S. ghetto. Not only is there a gulf between what you have and what others have which is much greater than the one existing between you and the poor in your own country, but there is also a gulf between what you feel and what the Mexican people feel that is incomparably greater. This gulf is so great that in a Mexican village you, as White Americans (or cultural white Americans) can imagine yourselves exactly the way a white preacher saw himself when he offered his life preaching to the black slaves on a plantation in Alabama. The fact that you live in huts and eat tortillas for a few weeks renders your well-intentioned group only a bit more picturesque.

The only people with whom you can hope to communicate with are some members of the middle class. And here please remember that I said "some" -by which I mean a tiny elite in Latin America.

You come from a country which industrialized early and which succeeded in incorporating the great majority of its citizens into the middle classes. It is no social distinction in the U.S. to have graduated from the second year of college. Indeed, most Americans now do. Anybody in this country who did not finish high school is considered underprivileged.

In Latin America the situation is quite different: 75% of all people drop out of school before they reach the sixth grade. Thus, people who have finished high school are members of a tiny minority. Then, a minority of that minority goes on for university training. It is only among these people that you will find your educational equals.

At the same time, a middle class in the United States is the majority. In Mexico, it is a tiny elite. Seven years ago your country began and financed a so-called "Alliance for Progress." This was an "Alliance" for the "Progress" of the middle class elites. Now. it is among the members of this middle class that you will find a few people who are willing to send their time with you_ And they are overwhelmingly those "nice kids" who would also like to soothe their troubled consciences by "doing something nice for the promotion of the poor Indians." Of course, when you and your middleclass Mexican counterparts meet, you will be told that you are doing something valuable, that you are "sacrificing" to help others.

And it will be the foreign priest who will especially confirm your self-image for you. After all, his livelihood and sense of purpose depends on his firm belief in a year-round mission which is of the same type as your summer vacation-mission.

There exists the argument that some returned volunteers have gained insight into the damage they have done to others - and thus become more mature people. Yet it is less frequently stated that most of them are ridiculously proud of their "summer sacrifices." Perhaps there is also something to the argument that young men should be promiscuous for awhile in order to find out that sexual love is most beautiful in a monogamous relationship. Or that the best way to leave LSD alone is to try it for awhile -or even that the best way of understanding that your help in the ghetto is neither needed nor wanted is to try, and fail. I do not agree with this argument. The damage which volunteers do willy-nilly is too high a price for the belated insight that they shouldn't have been volunteers in the first place.

If you have any sense of responsibility at all, stay with your riots here at home. Work for the coming elections: You will know what you are doing, why you are doing it, and how to communicate with those to whom you speak. And you will know when you fail. If you insist on working with the poor, if this is your vocation, then at least work among the poor who can tell you to go to hell. It is incredibly unfair for you to impose yourselves on a village where you are so linguistically deaf and dumb that you don't even understand what you are doing, or what people think of you. And it is profoundly damaging to yourselves when you define something that you want to do as "good," a "sacrifice" and "help."

I am here to suggest that you voluntarily renounce exercising the power which being an American gives you. I am here to entreat you to freely, consciously and humbly give up the legal right you have to impose your benevolence on Mexico. I am here to challenge you to recognize your inability, your powerlessness and your incapacity to do the "good" which you intended to do.

I am here to entreat you to use your money, your status and your education to travel in Latin America. Come to look, come to climb our mountains, to enjoy our flowers. Come to study. But do not come to help.

Interesting times ahead.

I was wondering what you all see happening from this point and what sort of timeframes you think these things will play out on.

Looks like Operation Gladio C is moving ahead at a respectable pace.

Apparently it's not a human rights issue to engage in political repression by target an ethnically russian population of civilians with indiscriminate violence.

So I dipped my toe into Reddit for the first time in a while. (Relapses are always difficult things to deal with.)

On r/Psychiatry there's a discussion running about Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria and there's a really interesting spread of opinions. That sub is supposed to be exclusively for qualified psychiatrists, although it's not very well moderated in that regard. Opinions ranged from being in favour, to fairly neutral, to extremely critical of the idea (and of ADHD itself [!!]).

This is what has prompted me to post this State of The ~~Union~~ Disorder Address today.

One thing that barely got any mention in the thread in question is the origins of the concept of, and I think even the term itself, Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (don't quote me on that part - I could be misremembering). My introduction to the concept of RSD was through scrambling to get myself up to speed on ADHD and absorbing information from Dr Russel Barkley in particular and also Dr William Dodson, two of the leading experts in ADHD (although both of them are kinda old, with Dr Barkley being in retirement by this point). In older talks from both of them, they each outline the emotional dimension of ADHD that get overlooked by the diagnostic criteria and, tbh, the term ADHD itself which doesn't recognise the emotional aspect. I think one day, eventually, we are going to see the label itself shift to recognise that it's a disorder characterised by executive dysfunction and emotional dysregulation rather than hyperactivity (which is sometimes present but often not and sometimes wholly absent, especially as a person matures) and attention deficit (same as above - sometimes absent, sometimes present). Both of these parts of ADHD are, imo, manifestations of poor executive function and I'd argue that it's a dysregulation of executive function moreso than anything - it's extremely common for ADHDers to report experiencing hyperfocus but the problem is in the difficulty in regulation of that focus. This is not necessarily an example of executive dysfunction in the way that it's commonly understood, although the ability to regulate one's attention "appropriately" (however you want to define that exactly) does fit into the true definition of the term but I digress.

From memory, Dr Dodson referred to RSD by a different term. It seemed pretty obvious that he was working towards the same conclusion independently that Dr Barkley had also been working towards, and the concept didn't even have a conventionally-accepted label at this point.

As ADHD, and especially adult ADHD, has come into more mainstream acceptance and awareness, there has been a huge amount of peer knowledge and support filling what is honestly a pretty wide chasm of knowledge and understanding of the condition. (I realise I'm part of that phenomenon.) In an ideal world this wouldn't exist, but alas. This has led to what I think is some fundamental misconceptions about ADHD on both sides of the professional/lay person divide, and these definitely emerged in the discussion on the thread.

With regards to professionals, in my opinion, some major misconceptions are:

• That ADHD is overdiagnosed

• That it doesn't exist (ugh)

• That it is just the result of trauma (lookin' at you Gabor Maté)

• That it's some trendy diagnosis or that it's something that is used as a diversion from people averse to the diagnosis of BPD especially (this definitely came up in the thread)

• That the emotional dysregulation dimension of ADHD doesn't exist or that it's is simply indicative of a co-occuring mental health condition

• That RSD is just some tiktok trend that popped into existence out of nowhere

• That RSD is just social anxiety or a trauma response, or something along these lines

On the other side, some of the misconceptions from lay people are:

• The glamorising/quirkification of ADHD (no, staring out of the window at work or in class when you're bored is not the same thing as ADHD and nor is impulse buying shit online)

• That ADHD is just about dopamine/it's just about a lack of dopamine (both are untrue)

• That ADHD can be "cured"

• That ADHD meds make you a zombie or that everyone responds to stimulants with better attention and so stimulants are just a crutch used by people who lack willpower or discipline

There's probably a lot of other misconceptions on behalf of lay people but I'm not going to bore you with all of them - you're probably aware of most of them already anyway.

One thing that stands out to me about all this is that ADHD, ironically, suffers from success - stimulant meds are the absolute envy of the rest of the psychopharmacological industry. (If an antidepressant had the rate of success that stimulant meds do for ADHD, it would be a defining moment in history akin to the advent of lithium in the treatment of bipolar.) What this means is that, for a long time, ADHD was diagnosed in mostly boys, and mostly the ones who exhibited a lot of hyperactivity, and the solution was to throw stimulants at the kid and move on because this would largely be seen to resolve the problem or the external and more disruptive aspects of it. Because of this, there's a big gap in research into adult ADHD, the underdiagnosis of afabs, and examining what exists beneath the superficial, external observations of ADHD.

Hence where we find ourselves today and why I'm writing this post.

So where does this leave us?

Well, firstly I think there's a lot of misunderstandings about RSD and incomplete understanding of RSD. (It's gonna get a whole lot more anecdotal and extrapolation-y from here, so he warned.)

From what the good doctors above describe, it's not really necessarily even rooted in rejection. The term RSD creates a fundamental misunderstanding that the experience is about feeling bad when people reject you or provide you with negative feedback whereas he experience itself is rooted in a very immediate, almost visceral emotional response to perceived mistakes and failures which is completely disproportionate to the situation. This can be something that occurs in a social setting, although not necessarily.

I think a good analogy of what it's like to experience RSD is that it is a frequently occurring emotional response to things that are typically smaller and it feels like that one time in school when you suddenly got called to the principal's office and you had no idea why. There's this sudden, gut-wrenching emotional response where you feel like you're in huge amounts of trouble for something and you don't have any idea of what it is. (But then it turns out that, idk, they just wanted to congratulate you on winning some scholarship that you had forgotten about or they wanted to ask if you for some basic information.)

The difference between RSD and a trauma response or serious anxiety is that RSD is felt strongly in the body and it is completely disproportionate to the experience. An attack of anxiety typically has a solid basis in reality, and it is generally fairly quick to resolve when the perceived cause is addressed. Obviously for generalised anxiety disorder and more severe anxiety disorders, this is not necessarily the case but that's its own discussion. Panic attacks often don't have a particular triggering incident, RSD does.

Trauma responses are ones where your previous experience of a traumatic event is brought into your immediate experience due to some similarities or resemblance to it that occurs in the present - a car backfiring or a door slamming are two good examples. With regards to the difference between a trauma trigger and RSD, a trauma trigger is going to bring you right back to a past feeling when you were traumatised and your responses will be based in that past experience. RSD can fire off from something tiny and it isn't something that dredges up an old traumatic experience for you while transporting you back to that moment in time and what you were thinking and how you were feeling back then.

RSD can kick off from really small things, like feeling as if you forgot to lock your front door this morning or maybe mispronouncing a word in conversation or arriving at an appointment at the right time but on the wrong day. A typical person might worry about their front door and go through the steps they took as they left the house this morning to arrive at the certainty that they did actually lock their door and then things feel okay again. A person with social anxiety might feel really nervous at that mispronunciation and it might really rattle them for quite a while or they might even freeze up or burst out into tears. Someone who finds out that they've arrived at their appointment on the wrong day might go beet red and feel extremely embarrassed. I've honestly done all of these things and experienced these responses before and RSD feels different.

RSD feels like a gut punch, and it often comes completely unexpectedly. I might often worry about forgetting to lock my door when I leave the house but today, inexplicably, today my response is different.

It's that feeling when you realise you forgot to send the email and you lost the big contract but there's nothing you can do because it's already too late by this point, that feeling when you realise you left your purse on the bus and everything in it is gone forever, that feeling when you realise that your partner has been cheating on you and you've only just put all the pieces together.

Except it's just some tiny little slip-up. Or maybe it's not even a mistake at all but it feels like it might have been one.

As someone who has and is diagnosed with PTSD, RSD genuinely hits different. I have trauma triggers. I have trauma triggers for things that I'm not even aware of the historical source of because of extensive childhood trauma. But it's taken me a really long time to realise that there's this other, separate phenomenon that I experience which feels similar in a lot of ways and, for me, which had blurred into the "it's just PTSD" narrative for the longest time, until I finally started developing my understanding that there was something else going on for me.

So anyway I hope that by rambling about the state of psychiatry, about being irritated by some shitty comments on Reddit (the horror!), and about my own experience of RSD along with the historical roots of the concept I'm helping to fill that gap in understanding and to push back against some of the misconceptions that exist surrounding RSD.

As per requests, this is my description of auDHD experience. As there is very little research into this, I'm going to draw primarily upon my own personal experience and I'll draw upon peer experiences and I'll draw in bits of research through this post here and there. I am diagnosed with both ADHD and autism, both adult diagnoses, and there is treatment history to establish these as being accurate diagnoses. The psychiatrist who diagnosed me with ADHD gave me a diagnosis of primarily-inattentive ADHD but I had come to my own conclusions that I was probably combined-type which has had its hyperactive aspects mostly buried under trauma. My psychiatrist also independently arrived at this same conclusion unprompted. It's worth noting that being combined-type will colour my experience of auDHD.

As a disclaimer, this is going to be my experience so it will be limited by that fact. This should only be taken as information and not the definitive guide or the be-all end-all of The One True™ auDHD experience.

To start, I think it's of fundamental importance to understand that my experience of auDHD is one of internal conflict - I have competing sets of needs and desires. This manifests in a lot of internal struggle and it also means that my autistic or ADHD traits can be more prevalent and I can feel "more" autistic or ADHD, depending on my circumstances. (Maybe I'm a Marxist because deep down, at a fundamental level, my ADHD traits exist in a dialectical relationship with my autistic traits lol.) This manifests in a lot of extremes and a lot of bouncing between one extreme to the other.

Ultimately this is why I think I was previously diagnosed with a mood disorder and why it's very common for late-diagnosed autistic/ADHD/auDHDers to be misdiagnosed with mood disorders.

So what does this look like in practice?

I thrive under most novel situations and under high pressure. I find it exciting and this really engages me. However, I also find that I hit my limit in high pressure situations very rapidly, so there's a sweet spot where things are just new or high pressure enough that I thrive. Less, I feel pretty bored and checked out. More, I become an anxious wreck.

However this is counterbalanced by my deep and abiding need for stability, routine, and structure. I need enough that I can count on in my life that I feel capable of dealing with high-pressure and novel situations. Too much change, especially unpredicted change, leaves me really rattled and out of sorts (and not just feeling a bit uncomfortable but it can put me into complete disarray). It can take ages for me to cope with too much change or unpredicted change because, although I can be quite adaptable and flexible, if my base circumstances change then the pace at which I find my feet again is truly glacial.

This is also sort of why I find that I am either extremely well organised or I'm an absolute disaster, with little room in between. Without having structure and organisation, my autistic needs aren't being met so I feel very dysregulated and I am far less capable of relying on this aspect of myself to manage my scatterbrained ADHD traits.

When it comes to socialising, I can be very gregarious. (It's worth mentioning that I'm pretty high-masking when I want to be, so that may also be a factor here.) I am capable of being the life of the party and of facilitating stuff like group work and educational spaces in an engaging and interactive way, and have done so professionally. But this comes with a high level of social anxiety and an extremely limited social battery. I find that I much prefer facilitating, or better yet public speaking, than I do participating in a group activity especially if it's unstructured or there are a lack of clear guidelines and expectations. So externally I vacillate between being very social to being extremely introverted, depending on a variety of factors.

Another aspect is that I genuinely do need a lot of time to recharge after socialising, even when it's great and I'm really enjoying myself. Sometimes days. I feel like this is very much my autistic needs taking the front seat.

With regards to interests, this is a little bit tricky on account of being combined-type but I have very long, stable persistent deep interests ("special interests" but I am loath to apply that term to myself tbh). I also have the classic ADHD sort of brief, intense, transient interests that breeze in and breeze out just as quickly. There are things that I will always be interested in doing or talking about, then there are things that I have a sort of wild fling with before I find that I've suddenly wrung all the dopamine out of it and I'm ready to discard it and move on.

I'm capable of bending my deep interests and sorta redirecting them to topics that I need to prioritise but I'm not sure whether this is a me thing, an auDHD thing, a combined-type thing, or something else.

With regards to sensory processing, I am a fairly typical autistic scattershot of being mostly sensory-avoiding with some atypically high degrees of sensory-seeking, as per the Dunn Sensory Profile 2 administered to me as an adult. I am acutely sensitive to a lot of sensory input however my ADHD is a countervailing force here and I can be completely oblivious to certain sounds or smells or tactile feelings until suddenly my awareness is drawn to this and it becomes borderline intolerable. This may also be due to me being high-masking, having poor interoception, or experiencing dissociation due to lots of trauma, mostly developmental so keep this in mind.

With regards to trauma and rejection sensitive dysphoria, there's evidence that ADHDers are more prone to developing PTSD symptoms. In my opinion one of the major factors in this phenomenon is the fundamental emotional reactivity inherent to the ADHD experience, especially if it's not appropriately medicated. My autistic traits lead me to ruminate a lot and so there's this unholy alliance that exists within me of my being more prone to traumatisation, having heightened emotional reactivity (even with regards to PTSD triggers that occur well after a particular event), and the classic autistic perseveration meaning that I get into ruts with my thinking that are very difficult to get myself out of. This is on top of the typical experience of PTSD and being emotionally and psychologically "stuck" in the traumatic experience. So it's a double whammy. Or maybe an exponential whammy idk.

I experience rejection sensitive dysphoria and I respond to treatment for it. I think that RSD in an auDHDer is especially difficult as being autistic means that I am just prone to making more faux pas, I'm going to unintentionally annoy or upset people, I'm going to miss cues, and ultimately that I'm going to face a whole lot more ostracism and social rejection than if I were allistic. So not only do I have a lot of the psychological consequences of trying to exist in a social world that is far from well-suited to an autistic person, I also have very visceral responses in my nervous system when I think I have fucked up or when someone gives me the impression of negative social feedback (whether imagined or real) and this has a pretty major impact on me. I am of the opinion that the ADHD traits that make me inclined to seek out social interaction and push me to be novelty-seeking means that I am much more socially engaged than I would otherwise be and since negative social feedback affects me unusually deeply, I think this is one of the major factors in why I am capable of being very high masking to the point of probably doing quite well at being neurotypical-passing if I care to.

It's my suspicion that most auDHDers are high-masking, not only because they tend to go undiagnosed and maybe even unaware of this personally for a lot longer and so they naturally develop strategies to compensate but because they tend to be more socially-oriented and I reckon they take knocks harder when socialising, all things being equal, so the end product is a person who is a sort of grizzled veteran who has learnt how to survive in the harsh wilderness that is the allistic social realm.

Moving on from that, I find that I am very extreme in how I experience fine details. I often plunge headlong into the deepest depths of detail but I am also quite careless and I can miss very obvious or critical details. I tend to shift between these two poles. Sometimes this also manifests in being so consumed by one aspect of the details that it's to the exclusion of all the other details as well, although that's more of a classic autistic experience imo. This might also be something specific to me but I am a voracious learner. Often I feel like my mind is like an odd-couple where I can get engrossed in a subject for virtually an unlimited period of time and I can be remarkably persistent with learning but I also have intense cravings for instant gratification and novelty which causes me to end up diving into one subject with great depth only to dive into the next soon after, and this pattern repeats itself constantly. It feels like half of my brain is constantly dragging me down one particular rabbit hole and the other half of my brain is desperately and impatiently dragging me to the next rabbit hole. This may also be something specific to me but I find that I'm actually quite a slow learner because of my needs to understand the intricacies of any given topic but, once I really grasp the fundamentals of something I tend to learn very quickly from that point onwards.

With regards to executive dysfunction, my experience is one of constant struggle lol. I feel as though I am constantly juggling too many balls - my need for novelty, my need for certainty and stability, my sensory diet, the need to stay focused and remember things, the need to observe the details so I don't make simple mistakes and so I don't find myself getting lost in any one particular detail, my need for routine and my fundamental incapability of maintaining a routine, attending to my interoception as I am very liable to not register that I'm hungry or thirsty or tired and so on. It feels like I am more or less constantly mediating the tensions between my different needs which often exist in direct contradiction to each other. So yeah, this means I burn out and I burn out hard lol.

I think ultimately my experience of auDHD is one where I can sometimes spot the very clear traits of either one shining through, such as struggling with pragmatics in communication and being completely capable of eating the exact same thing in perpetuity or being so forgetful and inattentive that I'll put my phone down in a drawer only to close it to later have zero recollection of what I did and having a real drive to experience new things. But more often it feels as though I am an odd mix of the two or that there's a sort of stalemate between the two and I feel like I'm kinda neither and yet both at the same time.

Sometimes this works really well, as my ADHD traits make me more adaptable and a bit more even in my interests and how I engage socially or as my autistic traits help me sustain my focus and to have a much better memory for things than I would otherwise have. I guess in short, being autistic keeps my ADHD traits more stable and consistent and my ADHD makes my autistic traits more flexible and it broadens my horizons. Each of them softens some of the rough edges of the other and I find that I can often lean into one in order to compensate for the deficits inherent to the other.

Unfortunately, the upshot of the autism and ADHD combo is that very often these needs compete and are in direct contradiction to one another as well. It's a weird sort of in between space to exist in, one where the only relatable parallel that I can think of that comes remotely closely is ennui - that feeling of being bored but where it's a conflicted or maybe a more existential sort of boredom; if you're just purely bored, you find something interesting or exciting and you have fixed the problem and the need has been addressed whereas with ennui there's a sort of restless interregnum-like quality where you experience a feeling of boredom but the thought of doing something exciting is also in itself boring somehow. That probably doesn't make a lot of sense lol. Also for my experience of auDHD it's not a feeling of being bored at addressing different needs but it's more like craving new things whie simultaneously craving the same things and the same routine, of craving excitement but also being overwhelmed and craving quiet and calmness at the same time. It's really quite odd to be honest.

Ultimately, while I identify with a lot of traits and experiences of pure ADHD or pure autism, I feel as though my experience of these are much more varied and they shift in intensity. I also think that the way that I present, even if I'm not putting in effort towards masking, is one where the traits of both are apparent but they aren't easy to pin down because I readily switch between, say, a classic autistic infodump monologue to being very socially-engaging and mischievous like you might expect from an ADHDer. Or I can be incredibly details-focused while also being seemingly oblivious to details. That sort of thing.

Anyway, I think that wraps up my own personal experience of auDHD from an internal perspective.

This is a war on pride.

They'll literally tell you "Happy pride!" instead of "Merry Queersmas!" because they want to destroy our traditional queer values and I am not gonna take it anymore!!